Henry Wansbrough, O.S.B., M.A., S.T.L., L.S.S., is an eminent biblical scholar and the General Editor of The New Jerusalem Bible and Revised New Jerusalem Bible. A Benedictine monk of Ampleforth Abbey in northern England, he received an M.A. from the University of Oxford, a Licentiate of Sacred Theology from the University of Fribourg, and a Licentiate in Sacred Scripture in Rome. A member of the Pontifical Biblical Commission from 1997 to 2007, he has published more than twenty books, numerous scholarly articles, and more than a thousand book reviews.
The NJB came about
after the 1973 revision of the French JB. The French was revised again in 1998
but never addressed in a corresponding English revision. Does that edition
serve as a reference for the RNJB now? If so how?
I did not make any use of or reference to the 1998 French
edition. For the translation I used Nestle-Aland 27 as a basis, and the
Stuttgartensia, but not slavishly. In cases of doubt I used the apparatus
criticus of these two editions, and in a few cases departed from those editions
– not many. For the introductions and notes I simply used my judgment, right or
wrong. I know I still have a lot to learn, but I did my best, and still listen
attentively to many sources and try to keep up with current scholarship.
Does the RNJB Old
Testament more closely follow the Masoretic text than the Jerusalem and New
Jerusalem Bible?
I treated the Masoretic Text with great reverence, but
kept constantly in mind that the LXX was the original Bible of the Christian
Church
You position the
RNJB as a Bible for proclamation. Does that mean you adhere to the Nova
Vulgata, per Liturgiam authenticum? If so, how and where does that affect the
text away from the witness of the original languages?
I am not sure that I adhered to the Nova Vulgata as
closely as LA would like (certainly on the later books of the OT), but I bore
in mind that it was an edition made by serious scholars. The RNJB is not a
translation from Latin, but the scholars who toiled over the Nova Vulgata
deserve respect, and their decisions are often worth considering. I had
constantly in mind that the text should be proudly proclaimed.
Could you comment
on the differences between translating by committee, versus working as an
individual translator? What advantages or disadvantages might the RNJB enjoy
over committee-based translations?
A major advantage is consistency throughout the volume.
Amusingly, despite Alec Jones’ list of contributors, I found many tricks of
style constant throughout the original JB, which clearly stemmed from Alec. An
individual does at least get the work done! For a committee you need either a
brilliant group of dedicated friends (like the three editors of the Jerome
Commentary) or unlimited funds and an outstanding chairman (like Bruce Metzger,
who, incidentally, took the trouble to thank me for the NJB which was used for
the NRSV). Do such Titans still exist?
What is the connection
of the RNJB with the Ecole Biblique's "Bible in its Traditions" text
(if any)? What is the role of the Ecole with the Jerusalem Bible tradition, at
this point? Is the RNJB still a product of the Ecole, or have the two gone
their own ways now?
The RNJB has grown out of the Ecole, not least from my
period of study there under such great scholars as Benoit and Boismard, not to
mention Barthelemy, under whom I also studied, but it is more through the
skills and ways of working acquired at that great institution (building on my
Oxford training) than any actual theories. I have differed from all these three
scholars just mentioned.
Why did you decide
to prefer a formal equivalence style of translation over the more dynamic
equivalence style of the original Jerusalem Bible and the New Jerusalem Bible?
I was persuaded to it partly by the Australian Bishops,
especially Mark Coleridge, for whose scholarship I have a high respect. It also
shows that the RNJB stands in a great tradition, going back to Wm Tyndale.
Will the Old
Testament continue to spell out the Divine Name, or follow the tradition of
LORD?
I don’t know what you mean by ‘spell out the Divine
Name’, but we have kept to ‘Lord’ (small caps). I was on the Papal Biblical
Commission when it was chaired by Ratzinger. One of his early acts as Pope was
to ask us what we would do about this, and we made this decision as a body. I
think it is the right decision, and I also have unlimited respect for Benedict
XVI as a scholar and as a listener.
If this is
essentially a whole new translation then why use “Jerusalem bible” in the title?
Why not just give it a completely new translation name?
1. It is not wholly new.
2. I have great respect for
the Ecole and a great love for Jerusalem.
3. Loyalty to DLT
4. I am, after all, a Jew by
birth.
Are discussions
underway to revise the British lectionary around this translation? If so, how
does Magnum Principiam change the process for approval? Did it allow you any
greater freedom in your chosen rendering (vis a vis the preference for the Nova
Vulgata mentioned above)?
I am not party to the discussions of the EW Bishops’
Conference. If they ask me, I shall recommend that they adopt the RNJB. I was
consistently conscious of the need for a revised lectionary, and hoped that the
RNJB would be judged suitable. Many of the decisions were made with this
possibility in mind.
If lectionary use
was in mind during the revision process for the RNJB, were you able to consult
with any representatives from the bishops' conference concerning the types of
translation choices that would be needed to gain final approval? In the same
vain, did you have any formal or informal access to information concerning the
attempts of adapting the NRSV or the ESV by the ICPELL?
I was, of course, Executive Secretary of ICPEL, but all
our efforts were stymied by the working-methods of the Vatican. That
Congregation is now under new management, Archbishop Arthur Roche! But the
Congregation can act only on what is submitted to them by the local hierarchy.
Father Wansborough
-- you have had a long and splendid career, and have touched many people with
your writings and Bible translations. Looking beyond 2019, will you nominate a
body or a person to manage future revisions or changes to the English Jerusalem
Bible family of translations, or will the RNJB be the final word under the
title of the "Jerusalem Bible"?
Thanks for the kind endorsement! I guess that the Lord
will provide a scholar or scholars in due time with the necessary skill and
enthusiasm to keep the tradition of translation and commentary going. I would
not like to predict whether they will feel close enough to the tradition to
continue to use the name.
A big thank you, first of all, to Fr. Henry Wansbrough OSB for taking the time to answer these questions. In addition, a special thanks to Chris Buckley for helping to facilitate this interview with David Moloney, Editorial Director at Darton, Longman & Todd.
